Biochemistry

Introduction to Biochemistry

Basics and scope of biochemistry in biology and medicine.

Carbohydrates

Structure, types, and metabolism of sugars and polysaccharides.

Proteins

Functions, structures, and role of amino acids in proteins.

Lipids

Types of lipids and their function in membranes and energy storage.

Nucleic Acids

Structure and function of DNA and RNA in genetics.

Enzymes

Mechanism, kinetics, and inhibition of enzyme activity.

Metabolism

Overview of anabolic and catabolic biochemical pathways.

Citric Acid Cycle

Energy generation through the Krebs cycle in mitochondria.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

ATP synthesis via electron transport and chemiosmosis.

vitamins and coenzymes

Essential micronutrients and their roles in enzyme function.

Amino Acid Metabolism

Learn how amino acids are broken down and used for biosynthesis and energy.

Nucleic Acid Metabolism

Understand synthesis and degradation of DNA and RNA in cells.

Hormones and Signal Transduction

Explore chemical messengers and how they regulate metabolism and growth.

Enzyme Inhibition & Regulation

Mechanisms that control enzyme activity in metabolic pathways.

Biochemical Techniques

Chromatography, electrophoresis, and spectroscopy used in labs.

Protein Structure and Folding

Study primary to quaternary protein structure and folding mechanisms.

DNA Replication & Translation

Processes behind genetic information flow from DNA to proteins.

Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology

Explore tools like PCR, cloning, and CRISPR in modern biotech.

Clinical Biochemistry

Interpret blood tests and biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring.

Free Radicals & Antioxidants

Study oxidative stress and the protective role of antioxidants.

Acid-Base Balance & pH

Maintain physiological pH through buffer systems and homeostasis.

Buffers and Biological Importance

How buffer solutions maintain pH stability in biological systems.

Bioenergetics and ATP

Study energy production and the central role of ATP in metabolism.